ABSTRACT
Background: Stunting in children under 5 years of age is a condition where they have a length or height that is less than ?2 standard deviations of the growth standard of Indonesian children. Stunting is caused by chronic malnutrition in the first 1000 days of life. The spatial panel data method was developed to solve problems related to spatial objects that are measured periodically by involving elements of area and time. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the best model and factors that influence stunting in children under 5 years of age in Indonesia using spatial panel data. Methods: The data used were from the website of the Central Statistics Agency and the publications of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2015–2019. Determination of the selected model is done by comparing the random effect spatial autoregressive model and spatial error model (SEM) random effect based on the value and Akaike information criterion (AIC). SEM random effect produces the largest value and the smallest AIC. Results: The selected spatial panel data model in determining the factors that influence stunting in children under 5 years of age in Indonesia is the SEM random effect based on the largest and AIC compared to other models. Conclusion: Based on the selected model, children under five with malnutrition and poor nutrition, receiving Vitamin A, and the average monthly per capita expenditure on food have a significant effect on the percentage of stunting in children under five in Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Background: An insurance scheme called Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA) was established by the local government to achieve universal coverage for Aceh's population who were not registered under the national insurance scheme for the poor (Jamkesmas). Objective: This study was conducted to compare women's satisfaction before and after the implementation of JKA and across different insurance schemes. Methods: The study was conducted from July 2011 to July 2012 on satisfaction of maternal health services among 1197, 15-49 years aged old women living in eight districts of Aceh Province, Indonesia, and a cluster sampling technique was applied. Analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of different insurance schemes, period, and type of services on satisfaction with maternal health services. Results: Women were mostly satisfied with birth delivery services (mean score: 2.69) followed by postnatal care (mean score: 2.62) and antenatal care services (mean score: 2.37). Conclusion: Over the changing period, the average level of satisfaction in the JKA group increased significantly.